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Black Hand (Serbia) : ウィキペディア英語版 | Black Hand (Serbia)
Unification or Death ((セルビア語:Уједињење или смрт/Ujedinjenje ili smrt)), popularly known as the Black Hand (Црна рука/Crna ruka), was a secret military society formed on 9 May 1911 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia, originating in the conspiracy group that assassinated the Serbian royal couple (1903), led by captain Dragutin Dimitrijević "Apis". It was formed with the aim of uniting all of the territories with a South Slavic majority not ruled by either Serbia or Montenegro. Its inspiration was primarily the unification of Italy in 1859–70, but also that of Germany in 1871.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand organization )〕 Through its connections to the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, which was committed by the members of youth movement Young Bosnia, the Black Hand is often viewed as having contributed to the start of World War I by precipitating the July Crisis of 1914, which eventually led to Austria-Hungary's invasion of the Kingdom of Serbia.〔David Stevenson, 1914-1918, 2012 Penguin, reissue, p.12〕 ==Background==
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